pettis



C. D. PETTIS CASTING MOLD I Aug. 30,1927.

2 Sheets-$heet 1 Original Filed March 2 1923 Aug. 30, 1927.

c. D. PETTIS CASTING MOLD Original Filed March 2, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR wwgw Reisaued Aug. 30,1927.

UNITED STATES omrron n. rn'r'rrs, or' mw You, 1w. Y. I

cas'rnto now.

Original in. iguana, mm as 15, was, Serial 110.3283, filed Ipreh 2, 192:. Application 10:

- reissue fled Kay 14, 1925. Serial No. 30,875. i

The present inventionhas for its object to provide an effective construction of casting mold whereby brake shoes or other articles ordinarily -made of cast metal can 5 be formed. The invention consists in the features of novelty hereinafter described, illustrated in the-accompanying drawings and particularly pointed out in the claims at the end of this spiecification. As will hereinm'after more y ap ear, ,the invention relates more articular y to thatclass of casting molds esigned to be repeatedly used in the casting operation and commonly designated as permanent molds.

Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a casting mold embodying m invention; vFigure 2 is aview in en elevation; Figure 3 is a view in vertical longitudinal section; I

Figure 4 is a view in vertical cross section on line IVIV of Figure 3; and

Figure 5 is a view in vertical cross section on line VV of Figure 3.

A designates the base, preferably formed of cast metal, whereon my improved casting-mold will be mounted. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, my improved casting mold is shown as comprisi a pluralit of separable sections or mem rs pivotal y mounted uponthe base A and forming a flask or holder, each member carrying a corresponding part of the molding receptacle; To this end, the base Ais formed with upstanding lags 6 at each side of its center, throug whichlugs passes a pivot rod- 7, this rod passing also through lugs or cars 8 depending from the bottom of the lower sidemembers B. These lower side members. -B- are pivotally mounted upon opposite, sides of a centrally arranged stationary bar or support A that rises from and is preferably cast integral with the base A. Each of the lower members B has pivotally connected thereto an upper side member C, the pivoting of these upper and lower sidemembers being conveniently eflected by a pivot rod 10 that passes through the lugs 11 of the lower side member and the la 12 of the upper-side member, as clearly own in Figures 1 and 2 ofthe drawings.

Fromthe base of the' membera l) which form the ends. of my improved moldadepend lugs 13 throu h which as the pivotrods 14, the ends 0 these passing also position,

be cast. In the preferred embodiment of through the upstanding lugs 15 that rise from the base A and may be cast integral therewith. This arrangement enables the end members D to swing about the pivot rods 14when the mold is to be opened or closed. When the members'are lnclosed as shown in full lines on the drawmgs, they may retained in' such ition by suitable hooks 16, the free ends 0 which engage the pins 17 projecting outwardly from the upper side members C adjacent their ends.

In the preferred form of 111 each of the members B, C and is formed as a hollow casting, the outer walls of these members being perforated as at 18 to allow free circulation of air around the exterior of the molding receptacle, to be presently described. i

The molding receptacle is preferably formed of carborundum or some like 'i'fractory material that may be molded in the form of blocks and that will offer great resistance to the intense heat of the metalto invention the invention, the walls of the molding receptacle are formed in sections, each composed of a plurality of these blocks of-refractory material that are of such construction that they can be readil assembled in the several members of the ask or holder. Thus, the bottom section of vthe molding receptacle is shown as comprising a series of blocks E mounted upon a longitudinally extending -plateor "support A that may be formed integrally at its center with the up-' right lug or support A and may have its ends integral with the upri ht lugs A that rise from the base A (see i 3, 4- and 5). A ke or guard plate A is formed with a rib 22 t at enters a corresponding vgroove in the side walls of the blocks E, the key being referably formed also with a longtudina rib 23 below the rib 22. The opposite walls of the blocks E Figure 4) are formed with similar grooves to receive the rib 21 formed on the supporting late A. After the'blocks E have been p aced u on the support A, the key A' will be p aced in the position shown in Figures 4 1 and 5 of" the drawin so as to interlock with the blocks E, an the key A will then besecurely held in place by the screws 24,

as shownin Figure 4 of thedrawings, the position of these screws being indicated also by dotted lines in Figure 3 of the drawings. Each of the lower side members B -13 formed at its top as shown with an inwardly projecting bar or support 25 having at its inner end a longitudmal rib 26' and having also a dependin rib 27. The support 25 engages the bloc s F constitutin a part of the molding receptacle These b ocks F are formed in their upper portions with grooves to receive the ribs 26 and their lower portions are correspondingly shaped to engage the ribs 28 on the key or guard plates 30. In assembling the blocks F, their upper portions are first laced in engagement with the ribs 26 of the supports 25, after which the key or guard plates 30 will have their ribs 28 placed in engagement with the corresponding grooves in the blocks F and bull then be secured to the lower side membersB by screws 32, as indicated in Figure 4 of the drawings. I I

As shown, each of the upper side members is provided with an inwardly projecting support 33 having a longitudinal rib 34 for engagement with the blocks G of refractory material that constitute the upper portion of the molding receptacle. The blocks G have their u per edges shaped to engage the.

ribs 34 of t e supports 33 and have their lower ed es correspondingly shaped toengage wit the ribs 36 on the key or guard plates 38. -When the blocks 'G' have been assembled as shown',.with their upper ends interlockin with the supports 33, the key or guard p ates 38 will .be engaged with the lower edges of the blocks G and will then be secured to the inwardly projecting lugs 39 ,of the members G by screws indicated by. dotted lines 40 (see Figure 4). When the;

blocks of refractory material constituting the bottom and side walls of the molding receptacle are assembled, as shown in the drawings these blocks completely protect the metal parts of the flask'fromcontact with the molten metal delivered to "the'castten metal 'therethrough; Wlll nevertheless,

take care of the expansion of thebloeks and in chamber 1 v ach of the end members D is formed preferably of a hollow casting with erforations in its outer walls to freely a mit air and each of these members 1) is provided adjacent its bottom with an u standing support 42 to receive the blocks of refractory material, the supports 42 each having a longitudinal rib 43 to engage a corresponding 'roove formed. in the lower edges ofithe locks Ht At itstop, each of the members D is provided with a key or having at its lower edge a ri corresponding groove formed infeachof the blocks H of refractory material. When these blocks H have been set in position upon the supports &2 as shown in Figure 3 of the drswings the key plateset will be arranged as shown so that their ribs 45 will guard plat/6 id engage the upper edges of the blocks H..

the casting chamber. 7.

drawings, it will be seenthat each. of the members C is formed with anincli ned curved depending web or part -adapted to. receive .a corresponding half-conical block of refractory material, these blocks K forming the pouring gate of the mold and meet ing upon the parting'line ofthe members C. I

Each of the curved depending parts 50- will be integral with the su port 33 formed in the corresponding mem er C and will be u provided at lower "end with a rib '151 corresponding with the rib on such support 33. The blocks G -ofrefractory' material in those portions oftheni'embersfC opposite the depending parts 5O will be molded to proper shapeto're-ngag'e the lower ends of such parts 50, as -indicated in Figures 3 and 5 of the ,drawings,and these blocks G will" also be molded withsemi-fcylindrical openings through which the metal may pass.-

from the pouring gates" to the interioref In the accompanying drawings, my fimproved castin -1nold is shown gas'of a shape specifically a apt'ed for the-casting ofbrake shoes for railway cars, although obviously thev invention is equally applicable for the-I {castingof any other'articles. Y

c g e ptacle of a plurality of blocks or sections is to, avoid the. danger of the breakage of this rec'e tacle or of the flask or holder therefor inci' out 'to the expansion when the cast metal is poured therein. This object I have accomplished by forming the molding re-. ceptacle'of such number of refractory blocks that-the spaces between the blocks, while not large enough to permitthe assage'of mol- One object in {forming the in ofithe receptacle would amount to approxi- Inatel tion of casting. c

y tgth of an inch during the "opera' I am also aware that molten metal by reasonof its viscosity will not flow through a 1 small opening, say less than l/d ithkofan inch w1de.- II would in such a case employ the blocks injsuch" 'nu'mber that the vwidth of the individual spaces betweenjthe blocks would not exceed l/(i tthofl an inch and the spaces would be in sufiicient number to aggregate at least th of an inch and so take care of the maximum expansion of the.

blocks, to thereby maintain a constant over all length or dimension of the molding re-' ceptacle during high temperature casting therein, such as required for molten iron for railway brake shoes. While the spaces between the blocks are not of suflicient width to permit the passage of molten metal there through, they nevertheless effectively serve for the venting of the gases from the molten metal during the casting operation. This.

A further advantage incident to forming the molding receptacle of a plurality of sections of blocks of refractory material is that the individual sections or parts of the receptacle can be readily replaced when required. By permitting a free circulation of air about the outer wall of the moldin receptacle, the heat rapidly radiates t erefrom. This is a ver advantageous feature.

The brake shoe ing chamber in Figure 3 of the drawings'is of a familiar type, being formed with theusual center lug 'w and .end ln s w, the

center lug w having an opening t at will be formed by a core supported in pockets X. It will be understood, of course, that the inner faces of the'blocks of refractory material will be properly shaped to form such parts as the center lu w and end lugs w; and where it is desire to form a brake shoe having certain areas chilled, cast iron blocks would preferably be used at such oints of the molding receptacle, instead of t e blocks of refractory material.

From the foregoing description, it will be seen that when the castin mold has its several parts in closed position as shown, the cast metal will be delivered through the pouring gate into the casting chamber,- the gases from the molten metal bein' vented through the spaces between the cks of refractory material that compose themolding receptacle. It is highly desirable that the casting should be quickl removed from the mold as soon as it is su ciently set and my .improved construction of mold enables the mold members to be freely turnedawa from the casting without scraping or slit; ing against the casting.

t will be noted from the mold as herein given, that there is a limited area of contact between the blocks constituting the molding receptacle, and the walls of the supporting members. ,contact, from a heat transfer standpoint, is

va poor one, due to the looseness or relative play between the parts. In this manner the shown as in the cast lic supporti lg. y

the description of,

Also, the

heat of the blocks is only imperfectl con-- ducted to the metal flask members w ereb the flask members are not subjected to higi tem 'er'ature conditions as compared to the bloc s. This-feature, in' combination with the openings providing for air circulation enables the flask members to be continuously kept cool enough to substantially entirely prevent variations inlength thereof by reason. of ex ansion. Since the sectionalizing of the mo ding receptacle enables it to maintain a constant-overall length, and since the flask may be maintained cool enou h so that its expansion is negligible, the pro uction ofaccurate castings 15 made possible, and the mold or flask members is insured at all times. 7

While I'have found it advantageous to form my blocks of carborundum or other highly refractory material, I am aware that metal or any other suitable substance'can be used and I do not wish to be limited to any particular material or group of materials. I claim:

1. An openablefcasting' mold having a 'moldingreceptacle comprisingla pglsurality of blocks, at least some of said being of non-metallic refractory material, said blocks being spaced apart to. permit the expansion of the blocks, the spacesbetween the blocks being of such width as to prevent the 'assage of molten metal therethrough w ile eflicient cooperation of the various movable allowing for the escape of gases from said metal, and insuring the maintenance of a constant overall length of the molding re ceptacle, and metallic supportingmeans to which said blocks are 'detachablysecured.

2. A. casting mold having a moldin relocks ceptac'le comprising a. plurality; of bloc of refractory material, said being spaced apart sufiiciently to permit'the expansion of the blocks and theescape' of the gases from the metal butthe spaces being of such width as tojprevent the assage of themolte'n metal therethrough, t enuinber of blocks and ,spacesxcorrespondmg', sub- 'stantially to the .extent or expansionof the material composing the blocks under high temperature molding conditionsv and v metalmeans to whichsaid blocks are detachab secured.

3. :A'casting mold having a moldinglreceptacle comprising a lurality of loosely bled blocks, at east some of said blocks being of no'mmetallic' refractorx ma terial, separable .flask sections wherein said blocks are removabl'y supported, the block supports of said tected by said blocks against contact with,

the molten metal. I

4. A casting mold-having a plurality of chambered. flask -members provided ,for the circulation of a cooling fluid therethrough tac e,

and with supports for a molding recep flask sections being proand a plurality of blocks forming said molding receptacle, said blocks being shaped to form a casting chamber and arranged at slight distances apart thereby ermittm gases to escape between said books an through the chambered flask sections and 1 permitting the expansion of the blocks, while sions.

maintaining. the desired receptacle dimen- 5. A casting moldcom rising separable "metal flask members provi ed with inwardly ralitv of separate individually expanslble gether, a casting chamber. v I a v 8. A casting mold comprising a metallic body formed of a: lnrality of separable extending supports, and a molding receptacle formed of spaced blocks permitting venting therebetween, at least some of which are of non-metallic refractory material shaped to interlock with said supports and protectthem from contact with,the molten metal. 7 v

6'. A casting mold comprising sgpa'rable metal flask members having a mol 1 n receptacle formed of a plurality of- ,in ivid r ually movable sections 'detachably connected thereto, at least some of said sections being upon said supports.

of non-metallic refractory material.

" 7. A casting mold comprising a plurality of separable metal flask members each provided with a mold section formed of a plublocks detachably connected to said member,

at least some of said blocksbeing of nonmetallic refractor material said blocks forming, when sai members are brought tomembers, each oi'sai membersbeing chambered and construeted' for the -circulation of a cooling fluid therethrongh, and provided with inwardly projecting snpporting'means, said members having mounted upon their supporting meansja plurality of blocks adapted. when the 'meinbers are brought nether, to form a molding receptaclespaced from themetal walls of the b0 9. A casting mold comprisin a plurality of hollow members having flni circulation openings and provided: with inwardly 'ro-.

jecting supporting means, and a mol in receptacle formed of a plurality of spacedblocks of refractory material mounted upon said supporting meansin such manner as to leave free space beteween'f the outer faces of said blocksand the corresponding walls of the members'forthe circulation ofair;

10. In a casting mold.- a metal member providled with an'inwardly projecting sup- I port, a pluralityOf spaced blocks mounted upon said support to form part of a moldin'g receptacle. and detachable means for holding said blocks removably in place thereon, the spaces between said blocks aggregating enom'gh. to, maintain a constant overall length of the molding receptacle during the casting of iron therein.

11. In a casting mold, 'a hollew member them in her, each of said s1 of members hinged toget provided with an inwardly projecting "rib,

a molding receptacle section comprising aplurality of spaced blocks of refractory material mounted. upon said rib, and a key plate detachably connected to said hollow member and engaging said blocks to retain sition thereon, the s aces between said bloc s aggregating enou to maintain a constant overall length of t e molding re- .14. A casting mold comprising a base, sides and ends pivotally mounted upon said base membase, each, of said sides comprising a plura'lity of sec tions hinged together.

15'. A castingl mold comprising hinged side members and inged end members, each of said members being formed with an inward- 1y dPITOJGQtlIlg supporting bar and being rov1 ed .with a removable key or guard p ate detachablyconnected to said member, and a molding receptacle formed of sections spaced to'maintain a constant receptacle dimension during high temperature casting therein and detachablyv mounted upon the sup orting barsofsaid members and'held in p ace by said keys or guard plats- 16. Av casting mold comprising movable side and'end members, astationary member between said sidemembers, and a molding receptacle formed of sections,- certain of said sections being carried by the stationary member. and others of said sections by said sale and said end members. v 11. In a castingmold, an'openable molding receptacle comprising a plurality of blocks detachably -monnted therein and: 'secured thereto forming a; casting chamber, certain, of said blocks beingspaced apart to the 'exp'an'sion of the blocks dur-- mg a high temperatureoasting ioperation without destroying the moldfdimensions.

18. In a castingrmold for repetition high temperature casting, ansopenable molding receptacle comprising a'plurality of blocks forming a complete; castingchamber, (381 min of said blocks being spaced apart to permit normal expansion of the blocks under the h gh temperaturefconditions' to which 11163 k3are subjected, the spaces between'said of molten metal therethrough while being of'such width as to prevent the allowing for the metal. I

19. A casting mold comprising a plurality of relatively openable flask members each provided with a mold section formed of a plurality of separate blocks adapted when the flask members are in assembled relation to form a substantially closed casting chamber, certain 'of said blocks in each section being spaced apart sufliciently to permit the expansion of the blocks in the section under high temperature casting without destroying the mold dimensions.

20. In a casting mold, a molding receptacle of refractory material having at least all of its major walls provided with venting openings, said openings being of such width as to prevent the passage of the molten metal therethrough.

21. In a .casting mold, a moldin tacle having its walls provided with rality of venting slots, said slots being or such width as to prevent the passage of the molten metal therethrough but permitting escape of gases from said rec epfree expansion and the escape of the gases,-

and a. cooled supporting means for the receptacle.

22. Ina casting mold, a repetition molding receptacle for high temperature castin having at least all of its major walls slotte to permit expansion thereof and the escape of, the uses, the slots in said walls being of such width, as to prevent the passage of the molten metal therethrough.

a frame,

23. A casting mold comprising 1 'ngrecepand a substantially closed mo tacle supported therein, said receptacle be-,

ing formed of a plurality of normally spaced blocks ofvref ractory material, said frame being constructed to support said blocks in normally spaced relation.

.and separable therefrom with v 24. A casting mold comprising a flask, and a molding receptacle supported therein, said receptacle being formed of a plurality of relatively movable blocks of refractory material protecting the entire flask from contact with the molten-metal.

25. A castin'gmold comprisin a flask, and a separable moldin receptac e supp'orted within said flask wit its walls spaced from the corresponding walls of the flask to form a circulating air chamber ther'ebetween, the walls of said flask being provided with one or more openings to permit the circulation of air into and from said chamber. r

26. A casting mold comprising a frame, and a molding receptacle supported therein, said rece tacle bein formed of a plurality of norma ly spaced. locks of refractory material, said frame being constructedto support said blocks in normally 5 aced relation.

27-. A castin mold comprising a metal flask, and a mrfiding rece tacle o normall spaced sections suppo within said flas its walls a plu- Epaced from the corresponding walls of the ask to form an air-chamber therebetween', the walls of said flask being provided with openings to permit the circulation of air into members, each of said members being chambered and provided with inwardlyprojecting supporting means, said members having upon their supporting means a plurality of blocks of repetltion molding material adapted, when the members are brought together, to form a molding receptacle spaced from the metal walls, openin s in said walls to permit the circulation 0 air into and from the chambers in said members, there being vent openings between said blocks permitting expansion of the blocks while maintaining constant molding receptacle dimensions.

30. In a casting mold, the combination with'a flask, of a molding receptacle therein having at least its ma or walls provided with a plurality ofslots extendin through to permit the expansion of t ewalls while maintaining constant molding receptacle dimensions, and to permit the venting of the gases from the receptacle, said flask being rovided with venting openin s.

31. n a casting mold, the com ination with a flask,of a repetition molding rece tacle of refractory material supported within said flask and havin at least its major walls provided with a p urality of slots extending therethrough to permit the expansion thereof and the venting of the gases from said receptacle, said flash being constructed to engage and support refractory thereing constructed to permit the circulation of a cooling fluid effective on the mold and block.

33. In a mold, relatively movable mold members, a plurality of normally spaced sections carried by at least some of said members and forming a molding receptacle when the members are in closed position, said members being constructed to permit the circulation of a cooling fluid effective for coolin both the sections and said members.

34. .n a mold, relatively movable mold members, a pluralitv of normally spaced block members directly supported and carried by at least some of said mold members and forming a molding receptacle when the mold members are in closed position, said 'members being. constructed to provide relatively poor heat transfer from the block members to the mold members.

35,- In arepetition casting mold, a mold support, a plurality of normally spaced blocks carried by said support and adapted to cooperate to form a molding receptacle, and a flanged supporting contact between said blocks and said support.

36. In a repetition casting mold, a mold support, a plurality of normally spaced blocks carried by :Said support and adapted to cooperate to form a molding receptacle,

and a flanged supporting contact between 38. In a repetition casting mold, a mold support, a plurality of normally spaced blocks directly supported and carried by said support and adapted to cooperate to form a mold receptacle, the spacing between said blocks aggregating enough to compensate for changes in block dimensions due-to the expansion under high temperature casting conditions, there being a poor heat transfer contact between said blocks and the support.

In testimony whereofI have hereunto set my hand.

CLIFTON D. PETTIS. 

